Epistemic Network Analysis • rENA

What is ENA?

Epistemic Network Analysis (ENA) is a method for identifying and quantifying connections among elements in coded data and representing them in dynamic network models. A key feature of the ENA tool is that it enables researchers to compare different networks, both visually and through summary statistics that reflect the weighted structure of connections.

Researchers have used ENA to analyze phenomena including: cognitive connections students make while solving complex problems; interactions among brain regions in fMRI data; social gaze coordination; integration of operative skills during surgical procedures; and many others.

Python users: see python/README.md for the pyena package.

Installation

From CRAN

install.packages("rENA")

Development version

install.packages("rENA", repos = c("https://cran.qe-libs.org", "https://cran.rstudio.org"))

Quick Start

library(rENA)

codes        <- c("Data", "Technical.Constraints", "Performance.Parameters",
                  "Client.and.Consultant.Requests", "Design.Reasoning", "Collaboration")
units        <- c("UserName", "Condition", "GroupName")
conversation <- c("Condition", "GroupName")

# Simple form
model <- RS.data |>
  accumulate(units, codes, conversation, default_window = 4) |>
  model()

# Granular form (equivalent)
model <- RS.data |>
  accumulate(units, codes, conversation, default_window = 4) |>
  sphere_norm() |>
  center() |>
  rotate() |>
  project() |>
  optimize()

Accessing Results

model$line.weights                     # normalised adjacency vectors (units × connections)
model$points.rotated                   # unit positions in ENA space
model$rotation.set$node.positions      # code node positions

Separate Accumulation

The accumulation step can be run independently of modeling — useful for inspecting raw networks, exporting them, or reusing the same accumulation with multiple rotation methods.

accum <- RS.data |> accumulate(units, codes, conversation, default_window = 4)

# Then pipe into model(), sphere_norm(), etc. separately
model <- accum |> sphere_norm() |> center() |> rotate() |> project() |> optimize()

Rotation Methods

Rotation	Function
SVD (default)	`rotate()`
Means	`rotate(ena.rotate.by.mean, g1, g2)`
Generalised (GMR)	`rotate(ena.rotate.by.generalized, x)`
Regression (V ~ x)	`rotate(ena.rotate.by.hena.regression, x)`
Regression (x ~ V)	`rotate(ena.rotate.by.hena.regression_2, x)`
Custom matrix	`rotate(mat)`

# Means rotation
model_mr <- RS.data |>
  accumulate(units, codes, conversation, default_window = 4) |>
  sphere_norm() |> center() |>
  rotate(ena.rotate.by.mean,
         RS.data$Condition == "FirstGame",
         RS.data$Condition == "SecondGame") |>
  project() |> optimize()

# Generalised rotation
model_gmr <- RS.data |>
  accumulate(units, codes, conversation, default_window = 4) |>
  sphere_norm() |> center() |>
  rotate(ena.rotate.by.generalized, RS.data$Condition) |>
  project() |> optimize()

Window Options

Option	Argument
Window back	`default_window = 4`
Window forward	`window_forward = 2`
Infinite window	`default_window = Inf`
Binary co-occurrence	`weight.by = "binary"`
Weighted co-occurrence	`weight.by = "sum"`

rENA